主谓一致 语法一致和句意一致20.ppt

主谓一致通常包括两项一致：语法一致和句意一致。 语法一致即主语为单数形式，谓语动词相应用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词相应用复数。 1. 可数名词的单数形式或者不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；可数名词复数作主语，谓语用复数。如： Both my brother and I are college students. Both of the twin brothers (be)_____ capable of doing technical work at present. are 2. each/every, many a, more than one+单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Many a girl likes shopping. Many a boy likes to play ping-pong in his spare time. More than one student has said so. 3. 单数名词后跟有短语：with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with等作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Mary, with her sister, is to leave this evening. Tom together with his parents has gone to the zoo. 4.表示时间、度量、重量、温度、金钱的复数名词作主语时，其意义是一个整体，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Three years at college seems quite short for the students. Fifty dollars is enough for me to buy that book. 5.就近原则 就近原则是语法一致的特殊情况。它指的是谓语动词与其最近的主语名词保持一致的语法现象。适用于就近原则的结构有: there be, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also.如： Neither my brothers nor Tom is coming to the party. There is one book and two pens on the desk. 句意一致是指从句法入手，谓语动词的单数或复数取决于主语所表达的概念。集体名词作主语，表示整体时，谓语用单数；表示成员时，谓语用复数。如： His family are all tall. (此句中family指family members) His family is very large. The family (be)_____ watching the football game. are 英语语法中，主语全部或部分位于谓语动词之后的现象称作倒装。常见的倒装结构有： 句首是否定词或表示否定意义的词语时，句子要部分倒装。常见的否定词有：never, seldom, little, few, hardly, scarcely, rarely, no等如： Rarely would any of us stand up and show the world who we are. Little did he realize that he had made a serious mistake in the experiment. If I were to do it, I’d do it some other way. Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. 用与此结构的常见词组有：only by chance, only by luck, only then, only in this way等。 如： Only by luck, did he go to college. Only in this way can we solve the problem. So clear was the statement that it couldn’t be misunderstood. Such was his kindness that I will never forget him. 英语中的强调句型为：it is/was+强调成分+that/who+句子的其余部分。 强调句有两个特征： 句型固定，既无论强调哪种语法成分