2011高考英语(外研版)一轮复习：附录8(非谓语动词).ppt

* (八)非谓语动词 一、动词不定式 1．动词不定式的句法功能 (1)不定式作主语 To know something about English is one thing；to know English is quite another. 此时，常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。 It isn’t easy for her to find a new job. (2)不定式作宾语 ①不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford， agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage， promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。 I promised not to be late. ②介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do， 不定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep. They did nothing but complain. (3)不定式作宾语补足语 ①某些动词如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，expect， remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，allow， forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My doctor advised me to take a rest. ②某些感官动词如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使 役动词如have，let，make等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。 但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带to 符号。 Did you notice anyone go into the house? Was anyone noticed to go into the house? ③某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作宾语， 但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。 News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers news from around the world. (4)不定式作定语 Do you have the ability to read and write English? ①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词是不定 式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 Please give me a knife to cut with. ②不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级 限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。 I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games (5)不定式作状语 ①不定式一般作目的状语，还可用短语in order to 或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest. ②不定式有时可作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to。 He left，never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet. ③不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果： He was so careless as to forget to lock the door. ④不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。 To be honest，I know nothing about it. (6)不定式作表语 The first step is to check the victim’s breathing. All I did was (to) press the button. (7)“疑问词＋不定式”在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语。 When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet. I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it. 【注】　此时不可用if to do结构。 2．不定式的时态和语态 to have been done to have done 完成时 to be doing 进行时 to be done to do 一般时 被动语态