Confucius孔子.ppt

Confucius and Confucianism 1. Social background Declining of the Zhou dynasty Confusion and miseries of the people set him to search for the right way to save people from the tragic condition. “Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety.”  [颜渊曰：请问其目。子曰：非礼勿视、非礼勿听、非礼勿言、非礼勿动。] 3. His Principles of Education and Teaching Strategies Integrating learning with thinking “He who learns without thinking will be bewildered; he who thinks without learning will be in danger.” [学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。] 6.Teaching and leaning implement and support each other “If there are three men walking together, one of them is bound to be good enough to be my teacher.” 4.Confucius’ Contributions to  Chinese Culture Sorting out and editing and revising the Six Classics Establishing humaneness and rites as the core of his theory. A skeptical attitude to religion and stress on realistic life exerting a fundamental impact on the humanistic tendency of traditional Chinese culture Establishing private school, and scientific and educational systems; advocating his learning strategies * * Lectures on Traditional Chinese Culture Part Ⅰ Basic Teachings of Confucius 2. Confucius’ moral principles Humaneness (humanity仁) and other virtues 志士仁人，无求生以害仁，有杀生以成仁. A determined or humane man never gives up humanity to save his life, but he may sacrifice his life to realize humanity. Loyalty（忠）and Forbearance（恕）as the Essence of Ren “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.” ( “Do not impose on others what one does not desire oneself.” ) [己所不欲，勿施于人。] Elicitation and guidance “I do not open up the truth to any one who is not eager to get knowledge, nor help out any one who is not anxious to explain himself. When I have presented one corner of a subject to any one, and he cannot from it learn the other, I do no repeat my lesson.” [子曰、不愤不启、不悱不