句子成分与句子基本类型.ppt

句子成分和 句子的基本类型 句子成分 主语subject 谓语verb/predicate 宾语 object 定语 attributive 状语 adverbial 补语 complement 同位语 appositive 主语 谓语 宾语 找到下面句中的“主语” 、“谓语” 、“宾语” 因此这是个典型的 “主谓宾” 句型。 主语 (Subject) 主语是动作的主体部分 在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者 I teach you English.　 在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者 You are beaten . 主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。 Twelve divided by four is three.（数词） 主语还可以由从句或动词的非限定形式充当。 What I want to do is join the party. Smoking is harmful to your health. To learn English is difficult. 谓语 (Predicate) 谓语表示一个动作、行为，由动词充当。 I teach you English. 一个句子能不能没有谓语？ -----Who is knocking at the door? ----- Me. 一个句子不能没有谓语。 宾语 (Object): 分类： 动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。 I love you. 介词宾语：介词涉及的对象。 I want to give this book to you. 宾语一般由名词、代词充当。 宾语也可以是一个从句或动词的非限定形式。 He told me that he felt lonely. He likes swimming. He continued to talk. 定语 (Attributive): 作用: 用于修饰、限定名词或代词。 定语一般由形容词充当。 a beautiful girl 定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。 a pencil box 由从句或动词的非谓语形式充当。 Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others. an interesting book a meeting to attend 由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。 The man over there The books on the shelf 状语(Adverbial) 状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。表示时间、地点、原因、方式、伴随、让步、转折、目的、条件。 状语一般由副词充当。 Those problems are pretty hard. 形容词也可以充当状语（表示原因或时间，位于句首或句中）。 Happy to see him, she forgot everything. Angry at the girl oversleeping, Mr. Green went down to wake her up. Enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative. = When they are enthusiastic, they are quite cooperative. 形容词或形容词短语可以在句首作状语，表示说话人的态度。 Strange, he should have done such a thing. 奇怪，他做了这样一件事。 形容词做状语与副词做状语的区别： 形容词做状语，表示该状语可以和主语构成系表结构。 Happy,he goes to sleep. He is happy. 系表结构 副词作状语：副词是修饰动词的。 Happily,he goes to sleep. 副词修饰整个句子 介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。 They managed to finish the job before Monday.（介词词组） The old man sat on the bench, enjoying the sun-set.（现在分词词组） As he was leaving the office, it started to rain.（时间状语从句） 补语(Complement) 补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。 补语一般由名词或形容词充当。 I am a teacher. (S C) Don’t leave me alone. (O C) 副词、介词（词组）、动词的非限定形式或从句都可以在系动词后充当补语。 Time is up. (adv