章振邦《新编英语语法》Lecture 10课件.ppt

Unit 10 Verb and Verb Phrase Classification of Verbs Classification of Verbs Main Verb (Notional Verb) As we know, a verb phrase may consist of a main verb only; this is called a simple verb phrase. A verb phrase may also take the form of a main verb preceded by one or more auxiliaries; this is called a complex verb phrase. Main verbs are also called notional verbs functioning as the head and indicating the basic meaning of a verb phrase. Dynamic Verb Dynamic verbs are verbs that refer to actions. They can be subclassified into three categories, durative, transitional and momentary verbs. These verbs normally admit of both the progressive and the non-progressive aspect. With momentary verbs, the non-progressive form indicates a single movement and the progressive form indicates a repeated movement. Stative verbs Stative verbs are verbs that refer to present or past states. They are not normally used with the progressive aspect except in certain cases where there is a transfer of meaning. They can be subclassified into 4 categories: i) The 1st subclass includes main verb be and main verb have: Jim is a teacher, but 20 years ago he was a soldier. We have friends all over the world. Stative verbs ii) The 2nd subclass includes verbs that include, as part of their meaning, the notion of being and having, such as apply to, belong to, differ from, cost, weigh, measure, fit, hold, lack, resemble, etc.: This rule applies to (= is applicable to) everyone. This house belongs to my brother (= is my brother’s property). French differs from (= is different from) English in having gender for all nouns. The auditorium holds (= has a capacity of) 2,000 people. Stative verbs iii) The 3rd subclass includes verbs that refer to a sense perception, such as hear, see, feel, taste, smell, etc.: She doesn’t hear very well. I (can) see the snow capped peaks of the distant mountains. The material feels soft. The roses smell fragrant. I