《乱世佳人》中的合作原则分析.ppt

Contents of CP: 4 Maxims Violation of the relation maxim in Gone With the Wind: R:“you ve been to the lumber office this afternoon, havent you?” S:“what has that to do with it?” R:“you like dogs dont you ? Scarlette? Do you prefer them in kennels or mangers?” The allusion was lost on her face as the tide of her anger and disappoint. (Chapter 51） 4. Manner Maxim Be perspicuous清晰的. ? Avoid obscurity of expression. ? Avoid ambiguity. ? Be brief(avoid prolixity冗长). ? Be orderly. Violation of the manner maxim in Gone With the Wind: S: “How are they do over at Twelve Oaks?” Scarlette’s Father(F): “About as usual ……” S：“Did they say anything about barbecue tomorrow?” F：“ Now that I think of it they did, miss- whats - her- name,the sweet little thing who was there last year. You know Ashleys cousin- oh, yes, miss Melane Hamilton...” S: “Oh, so she did come?” F: “She did and sweet quiet thing she is, with never a word to say for herself, like woman should be, come now daughter, dont lag, your mother will be hunting for us” …… S: “Was Ashley there too?” F: “He was,”Garald let go of his daughters arm and turned peering sharply into her face. “and if thats why you come out here to wait for me, why didnt you say so without beating around bush?” --Amanda^^ Cooperative Principle in Gone With the Wind Contents: Cooperative Principle in Brief Summary Four Maxims Violation of the four maxims in Gone With the Wind The Cooperative Principle (CP) Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which your are engaged. (Grice:1975) 使你所说的话，在所发生的阶段，符合你所参与的交谈的公认的目标或方向。 Quality Maxim Quantity Maxim Relation Maxim Manner Maxim 1.Quantity Maxim ? Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purposes of the exchange). ? Do not make your contribution more informative than is required. Violation of the quantity max