2-pe-现代国家与现代经济.ppt

2. War Making and State Making 3) protection: eliminate the enemies of their clients; 2. War Making and State Making 4) extraction: finding the money to carry out these first three activities 3. The State and Taxation The biggest single problem for states is how to finance themselves: State formation motored by need to build extractive capacity Problems: tax revolts, inefficient taxes Activity: Problem Solving 3. The State and Taxation Nationalism Increase in taxation ? greater popular participation to build consent Increase in taxation ? bureaucracy 3. The State and Taxation Tilly: “the state made war and war made the state”: Darwinian process of state formation in Europe, by which 500 states become 35 states (700 years of war). Historically, much evidence that successful state formation correlated with war 3. The State and Taxation Much behavior in weak states in developing world explained by these fiscal realities: Tax structure (reliance on trade taxes) Reliance on borrowing Prebendalism What is not explained? De jure sovereignty ? ? De facto sovereignty Reliance on international community Absence of war Aid and borrowing compensate for weak fiscal capacity 3. The State and Taxation Herbst arguments Absence of war allows very weak states to survive. Jeffrey Herbst, “War and the State in Africa,” International Security, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1990, pp. 117-139. 3. The State and Taxation Protection by international community takes away incentives for political leaders to actively pursue state strengthening. Reliance on external support, also lessens incentives to rule citizenry effectively, and with accountability. 3. The State and Taxation Group Activity Assemble with your assigned group members. Organize and fill in the group assignment table. Group Assignment Table Group Name Leader Time keeper Checker Recorder Reporter 3. The State and Taxation Making sure each member is serving a different role than last time. The task at hand