基础语法ppt.ppt

主语（名词，词组，名词化形容词） 1. 名词 Apples are good for our health. 2. 名词词组 The black-and-white TV set in my apartment was given to me as a gift. 3. 名词化的形容词 The poor get poorer while the rich get richer. 主语（代词） 5. 代词：人称代词（主格:I,she,he,they…），名词性代词（mines, hers, his, theirs…)，指示代词，不定代词(Every, any, everyone, someone…)，such（XX样的人、物），it（时间，天气，距离等） Such is my brother, clever, kind and handsome. Such is my brother, a man of wisdom. It is ten o’clock now. It’s very sunny today. 主语 （动名词） 3. 动名词 Doing是无时间限定/与谓语同时发生/在谓语之后发生，having done是在谓语动词前发生的 Having killed that man tortures him. Mary’s failing the test shocks us. Smoking kills. Being a teacher is not easy. Being punished for not finishing homework is humiliating. 主语（不定式） 4. 不定式 To do morning exercises is good for your health. Not to invite him to the party was a big mistake. 主语（句子） What he is doing is unknown yet. Whose key this is is unclear. What you want is not what you need. 形式主语it 通常当主语太长的时候就会把主语后置，然后用it这个形式主语来作为句子的主语，真正的主语（即动作的发出者）则放到从句的位置上去。 结构1：it is+名词+从句 It is common knowledge that bees are different from wasps. 结构2：it is + 形容词+从句 It is obvious that he’s just not that into you. 结构3：it + 动词（第三人称单数） + 从句 seem, happen, appear, look, matter, make, strike, occur It happens/appears/seems/matters that he has a taste for music. It looks like that he has a taste for music. It occurs to me that he has a taste for music. It strikes me that he has a taste for music. It made us very happy that he has developed a taste for music. 结构4：it+be+分词+从句 It is reported/said that the police have found the two missing girls on a train to Beijing. It is amazing that my cat can answer to my call. (这个时候像amaze, satisfy, interest等等这些现在分词和过去分词都能用作形容词的词，要用其现在分词，即ing形式。因为用it作形式主语事一般指的是事物，而不是人，所以要用ing形式，表“令人…”的意思。） 谓语 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词词组组成 谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。 如：I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态) I was walking along the street. (现在进行时，be doing） The cake was baked last night. (一般过去时被动语态） 谓语 复合谓语：情态动词，助动词+动词原形 You may be sick. 注意：当句子为否定句的时候，需要助动词来承接“not”这个否定词，放在实意动词前，