第四节汉语长句的翻译.ppt

第四节 汉语长句的翻译 Exercises: 村东头的王大妈来了，受坏人欺骗的村民们也来了。 There came Aunt Wang who dwelt at the eastern end of the village, and also came the villagers who had been deceived. 去年他为了完成一个项目在实验室用计算机努力地干了十个月。 He worked hard with a computer in the lab for ten months in order to complete a project last year. 这一年的清明，分外寒冷；杨柳才吐出半粒米大的新芽。天明未久，华大妈已在右边的一座新坟前面，排出四碟菜，一碗饭，哭了一场。 The QingMing Festival that year was unusually cold. Willows were only beginning to put forth shoots no larger than grains. Shortly after daybreak, Old Shuan’s wife brought four dishes and a bowl of rice to set before a new grave in the right section, and wailed before it. The weather that April—the month on which the Grave-Sweeping Festival fell—was unusually cold, with buds no more than half the size of rice grains daring to peep out on to the willow branches. Not long after daybreak, a weeping HuaDama set four dishes of food and a bowl of rice in front of a new grave.  阁下如认为该公司信守合同，可以胜任我公司之代理商，则请告知，我们当不胜感激。 到南京时，有朋友约去游逛，勾留了一日；第二日上午便须渡江到浦口，下午上车北去。 知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。（孙子《谋攻》） 第四节、汉语长句的翻译 一、英汉语句的结构差异（形合与意合之别） 二、翻译方法 1） 确定关系，分清主次 2 ）形合手段，珠联璧合 三、注意事项 1）突出主题，避免主次不清。 2）均衡分布，避免头重脚轻。 3）调整语序，避免关系不明。 四、显性复句（句内关系的再现） 一、英汉语句的结构差异（形合与意合之别） 知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼不知己，每战必殆。（孙子《谋攻》） (若）知己（而又）知彼，（则）百战不殆；（若）不知彼而知己，（则）（将）一胜（及）一负；（若）不知己（而又）不知彼，（则）每战（将）必殆。 You can fight a hundred battles without defeat if you know the enemy as well as yourself. You will win one battle and lose one battle if you know yourself but leave yourself in the dark about the enemy. You will lose every battle if you leave both the enemy and yourself in the dark. Parataxis: the arranging of clauses one after another without connectives showing the relation between them.(clauses, sentences or paragraphs are organized into texts mainly through meaning, not form) Further reference: Eugene A.Nida, Translating Meaning 叙事原则（时间先后、事件发展） 论理原则（因前果后、前提在前，结论在后） 语法关系主要不是通过词本身的形态来表达，而是通过虚词、词序等手段来表达，词语或语句间的连接主要凭借语义或语句间的逻辑关系来实现，做到意思的连贯，这种特点语言学上叫做意合（汉语归类