英语翻译词类转换.ppt

英汉翻译漫谈---问题与策略 傅敬民 上海商学院 2008.3. 翻译的定义 Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida) 英汉翻译中的问题 宏观问题： 一、语言问题 二、文化问题 三、思维问题 四、文体问题 五、读者问题 六、译者的修养问题 译者的修养问题 一、合理的知识结构,至少包括三个方面: 坚实的语言功底：词汇、句法、逻辑 Dog, dog days, dog-ear, dog-eat-dog, dog-end, dog eye, dogfight, dogged, dog bag, dogleg, 2. 杂学知识 3. 双文化底蕴 译者的修养问题 二、一定的翻译理论知识 三、了解翻译的不同种类：摘译、编译、改译等 四、高度的责任感 英汉翻译中的问题 微观问题： 一、词语翻译问题 二、句子结构问题 三、时态问题 四、修辞问题 五、成语的处理问题 六、语篇问题 英汉语言比较 英语重形合,汉语重意合 英语前重心,汉语后重心 英语静态,汉语动态 英语多物称,汉语多人称 英语多被动，汉语多主动 英语多复合句,汉语多简单句 英语重前饰,汉语多后饰 英语重时态,汉语轻时态 一、英语重形合,汉语重意合 形合与意合主要指句与句之间起连接作用的成分是否保留的问题. If I had known it would come to this, I would have acted differently. (早知如此，何必当初?) It was quite late when we got back, nearly seven o’clock in the evening. (我们到家已经很晚,快晚上七点了.) 二、英语前重心,汉语后重心 The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. (小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器，掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能战胜大国的侵略。) 三、英语静态,汉语动态 The very sight of you makes me nervous. (一看见你就让我感觉不自在。) The quick arrival of the engineers sent by them and their careful examination of all facilities brought about the very speedy restoration of the factory’s production. (他们派来的工程师迅速到达，并检查了所有的设备，工厂很快恢复了生产 。 ) 四、英语多物称,汉语多人称 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (这位曾经给全世界带来笑声的人自己却饱尝辛酸。) The seclusion in which they had kept themselves so long, had cut them off from a knowledge of the relation between the nations. (他们与世事隔绝日久，对于国际间错综复杂的关系已经一无所知。 ) 五、英语多被动，汉语多主动 An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington post. 《华盛顿邮报》的一篇社论提供了一个例证 Yet, what I say here will not be long rem