英语词汇学4-2012.8..ppt

Chapter 4 The Growth of the English Vocabulary (3) — New Words Points for Thinking 1. Why do we need to study new words? 2. What are the main causes for the growth of the English vocabulary? 3. How has the English vocabulary been affected by Chinese? Give examples. 4. How has the Internet changed the English vocabulary? 5. How is the English vocabulary going to develop? 4.1 Neologisms 定义: Neologisms are newly coined words or words that are given new meaning to fit new situation because of social, economic, political, cultural, scientific and technological changes in human society.语言系统为适应新发明新事物或新的社会现象的出现而创制的词语,也包括原有的词语在新的文化环境下添加了新的涵义. 4.1.1构成:1.译介型loanwords2.派生型derivation3.复合型blending4.宿略型abbreviation6.旧词新义changes in meaning 1.译介型loanwords Mahjong 麻将中国 Kimono 和服日语 Curry 咖喱泰米尔语 Yogurt酸奶酪—土耳其语 Bizarre古怪的—法语 2.派生型derivation 词根与前缀或后缀相结合构成： 如“cyber”表示网络的 cybercafe 网吧 cybershopping 网上购物 3.复合型blending Glocalization=globalization+localization 全球化本土化 Infortaionment=information+entertainment 新闻娱乐化 smirting=smoking+firlting 边吸烟边跟异性搭讪 4.宿略型abbreviation 首字母缩略initialism：将主要的首字母联成词以及字母数字混用 HQ=Health Quotient健商 3S lady=Single seventies Stuck剩女 截短词clipping：截短原词的某一个音节 Memorandum=memo Influenza=flu 6.旧词新义changes in meaning 在原有的词中加入新的含义， Candy 糖=使心情或脑子放松的东西 Most video games are just brain candy. 4.1.2semantic arguments语义理据 1 引申法 1）从特指到泛指的引申：新词语语义主要是由表示具体概念的原有词汇添加新义，或和其它词汇构成的合成词组home=at home and abroad在国内外 2）从泛指到特指的引申：原有词汇在新的文化环境下添加新义、或者改变词性同时添加新义，也有由词根和词缀的意思具体化而来 gate-keeper看门人神经细胞中控制化学品通道的分子 2.形象比喻 有些词本义并五修辞色彩但经过形象比喻衍生出转义，喻指其它事物并带有浓厚的文体色彩： Antidote解毒药解决办法 3.Style of language语体色彩 Black hole黑洞 Generation gap代圈（沟） Leather or feather牛排 鸡排 Eye candy让人掉眼球的美女 Ungelivable 不给力 nude look 裸妆 tight pants热裤 fancier发烧友 way做副词表示“非常”“很”she is way cool. Massage按摩 laser激光 homepage主页 试管婴儿test-tube baby 洗钱 money laundering 灰色收入gray income 条形码bar code 连锁店chain store 软着陆soft landing 人肉有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站flesh search 女强人dragon lady 单身母亲bachelor mother廉价威士忌red eye 纺织品dry goods 传销Pyramid selling