高三英语总复习课件：语法11定语从句.ppt

专项语法十一　定语从句 要点精析 一、关系代词that与which的用法区别 1．关系代词指物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况： (1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。 This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks. 这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。 (2)关系代词指代前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时。 He failed in the exam, which made his father angry. 他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。 2．that和which都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用that而不能用which。 (1)当先行词是all, everything, something, nothing, anything, much, little, few等不定代词时。 There was little that I could do for you. 我不能为你做什么。 That is all that I want to say. 那就是我想要说的。 (2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 (3)当先行词被the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我要买的词典。 Mr. Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他惟一认识的外国人。 (4)当人和物同时作先行词时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？ (5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Which is the bike that you lost? 哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？ Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获金牌的小男孩是谁？ 二、介词＋关系代词 1．“介词＋关系代词”中介词的宾语只能是which(指物)或whom(指人)。 There are 45 students in our class, up to half of whom are boys. 我们班有45人，多达一半是男生。 In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。 2．在“复合介词短语＋which”引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。 3．“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”结构。 The poor man has no house in which to live. 那个可怜的人没有房子住。 4．“of＋which/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price)was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 例1　(2010·龙岩检测)Samuel received a training course in drawing for three years，________he got a good opportunity for further development. A．after that B．after which C．after it D．after this 解析：考查定语从句。after which he got a good opportunity for further development是非限制性定语从句。故选B。 答案：B 例2　(2009·陕西)Gun control is a subject______Amer