不定式动名词和过去分词作定语的比较.docVIP

不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较 ? 一、不定式作定语 不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。如： 1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to? D. for sending it to 【分析】答案选C。the person是send it的对象，可理解为to send it to the person。 2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose. A. to be chosen? B. to choose from C. to choose? D. for choosing 【分析】答案选B。是“有五双可选择”即“从这五双中选择一双”而不是“选择五双”。 3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________. A. by B. on C. up D. with 【分析】答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。 4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat. A. talk to B. talk C. speak about D. speak 【分析】答案选A。people是talk的对象，即talk to people。 二、分词作定语 单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。如： 1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 【分析】答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，排除表示将来的不定式，即A和D；又因为the flowers与smell (发出…味)是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作定语。 2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 【分析】答案选C。form作“出现、产生”解，是不及物动词，pictures与form是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，表示“图画出现”与“有”。注意：这与表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。 3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________. A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 【分析】答案选D。remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，用remaining (剩下的)作定语，修饰20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left 4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 【分析】答案选B。因为the…company与know是，所以用过去分词短语作定语，k