状语从句的译法.ppt

状语从句的译法 Translation of Adverbial Clauses 一、状语从句主要类别 1.时间状从 2.原因状从 3.条件状从 4.让步状从 5.目的状从 二、状语从句注意点 1.位置灵活，前后都可，通常放句首。 eg，We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision. 我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题。 2.从属连词一定带，但是意思不一定翻 eg，It was such a terrible experience that I will never forget it. 那次经历可怕至极，我永远不会忘记。 英语是一种形合语言，多使用关联词；汉语是一种意合的语言，较少使用关联词。 因此，英译汉时，尽量少用关联词；汉译英时，尽量多用关联词。 3.逻辑关系很重要，灵活翻译是根本。 One must sow before one can reap. 只有播种，才能有收获。 或者一份耕耘，一份收获。 三、各类从句中的重点举例 （1）时间状从 1.通常是从句先翻 A. Please turn off the light when you leave the room. 离屋时请关灯。 B. The iron should be stricken while it is hot. 趁热打铁。(打铁须趁热） 2.固定翻译法，“一 ......就....(hardly /barely/scarcely... when;as...soon...as...;the moment...;no sooner... than;instantly;directly,etc) A. Hardly had the computer started working when viruses were found. 计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。 B. when I reached the beach, I collapse. 我一游到海边，就晕倒了。 3.议成并列分句 He shouted as he ran.他一边跑，一边喊。 （2）原因状从 1.通常是从句先翻 A . The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，所以庄稼歉收。 B. They are informal, most likely because they are always in a great hurry. 他们之所以不拘小节, 很可能是因为他们总是处于匆忙之中。 2. 议成不带关联词的 Since the electrical inventions which Edison had given us were very important, we could not live without them—not for one minute. 爱迪生为我们发明的各种电器太重要了，我们的生活离不开它们——一刻也离不开。 （3）条件状从 1. 通常是从句先翻 A. It was better in case they were captured. 要是把他们抓到了，那就更好了。 B We can realize the goal of our life, if only we work hard. 只要我们努力工作，就能实现人生目标。 2. 议成不带关联词的 If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，就会成功。 3.议成补充说明情况的分句 Be respectful to your superiors, if you have any, also to strangers, and sometimes to others. 要尊重你的上司，如果你有上司的话。对待陌生人，有时还有别人，也要尊重。 （4）让步状从 1. Old as he is, he would rather work than sit idle. 他虽已年迈，但他宁愿工作也不愿闲着。 2.译成表 “无条件”的条件分句 A. I’ll be right here waiting for you, wherever you go, and whatever you do. 无论你到哪里去，无论你做什么，我都会在这儿等你。 B. We are all, whatever part of the world we come from, persuaded that our own nation is s