生物英语翻译.ppt

English to Chinese of English for biology 科技英汉翻译要点 faithfulness Expressiveness elegance English to Chinese of English for biology 英汉翻译要点 faithfulness Expressiveness elegance 信： 忠实 达：通顺 雅：文雅 English to Chinese of English for biology 英汉翻译要点 Emphasis: Translation of attribute clause attribute clause定语从句在句法结构上属次要部分，在语言作用上却地位重要，应用极广 定语从句结构有简有繁，对先行词限制有强有弱，翻译时需灵活处理。汉语里没有类似英语中定语从句的结构，一般定语放在它所修饰的词之前，只起修饰或限定作用，而定语从句的功能却不止于此。 英语从句可很长，可由几个从句并列同时修饰一个名词，可借助关系代词由一个从句套出另一个从句而汉语名词前一般少用结构复杂、描写性的长定语因此，翻译时不都把它前提在名词前译作定语。 常用的定语从句译法有： 1. 译成前置定语Translate to clause be ahead 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然不明显地带有限定性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语关系紧密，也可译为前置定语。如： Example 1．To be sure, the human genome project would give jobs to many of those people who study on them. Example 1．To be sure, the human genome project (HGP) would give jobs to many of those people who study on them. 诚然，人类基因组计划也许能为许多生物学研究者提供就业机会。 Example 2 In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems of environment. Example 2 In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems of environment. 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是生态环境问题成堆的地方。 如以上例句所示，这种译法最适于翻译较短的限定性定语从句。有时较长的也可采用这种译法，以使修饰关系清晰，句子结构紧凑。 如： 译 This practice book is intended for foreign students of bio- engineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects. This practice book is intended for foreign students of bioengineering who have already mastered the elements of English, and who now want to use their knowledge of the language to read books on their subjects. 这本练习课本是给那些已经掌握了英语基础知识而现在要利用学到的语言知识来阅读专业书籍的生物工程学的学生用的。 2. 译成后置的并列分句 A．一些结构较复杂，或者意思上又较强的独立性的限定性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列分句。采取这种译法，往往要有重复关系代词来进行代替，经常在这词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”等，以使译文明确。 如： Example 1．（译） But world attention also is focusing on another step, whic