第9讲标点与文法.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ??? * * * * * * * * * * * * * 例外 在以下三种情况下，尽管为小于10的数字，也总是用阿拉伯数字表示。 当一个句子中多个数字排列比较时，从一致性考虑，均用阿拉伯数字。如: Groups of 8, 52, and 256 particles “ 表示矩阵的行列式、单位前的数字总是用阿拉伯数字表示。如： 2×2 matrix The two samples were both 1m and each weighed about 3kg. 当数字用作名词时，总是用阿拉伯数字表示。如： sample 2, counter 4, ratio of 3:5 (2) 章节和页码（含图表）通常用阿拉伯数字书写。如： In Figure 5; see chapter 9 The result is discussed on page 5 in section 4 (3) 对复合数字形容词，第一个数用词，第二个用数 　误：12 2G SMICs 正：twelve 2G SMICs (4) 字母和数字不开句子。如 12 academicians attended the conference. Twelve academicians attended the conference 〔佳〕：If a = 6, then c holds too. 　〔不佳〕 If a = 6, c holds too. 　 〔不佳〕 〔佳〕 16 主动？被动？ (1) 第一人称出现的概率越来越多。 “We” 可指多个作者，也可用来代表一个作者，如“We have already seen ... .” （可能实际是一个作者）。但是，不能用 “we” 简单替代所有的 “I,” 如： 　〔不佳〕 In our opinion ..., 　 〔佳〕 In my opinion ...,“ (2) 不强调行为主体时用被动语态，如:　Air was admitted to the chamber.（腔内通入空气，与谁打开气阀关系不大，故用被动）。 　但是，当被动句过长及笨拙时，应用主动语态。 〔例〕 The values of ….（过长）….. have been calculated. 〔修改为〕I [We] have calculated ... The end * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 7.引号(quotation marks) (2) 引号周围的标点符号取决于引号中的内容与句子的关系，试比较以下句子： The phrase “lovely, dark and deep” begins to suggest ominous overtones. My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. My mothers favorite quote was from Shakespeare: This above all, to thine own self be true. I dont care, she said, what you think about it. I dont care, she said. What do you think? 7.引号(quotation marks) (3) 单引号只出现在双引号之内。 (4) 用引号新定义的词只是第一次出现时加引号。如: 　　　The resonance is an extra tunneling channel, or window” in the barrier. Tunneling electrons with total energy E + E, will always be able to see the window, but do not necessarily exit through it. (5) 标准术语不用加引号。 　　〔佳〕The nearest-neighbor distance taken from ... 　　〔不佳〕The nearest-neighbor distance taken from ... .. . (6) 符号不加引号。如 　　〔佳〕constants a and b are given by ... 　　〔不佳〕constants a and “b ... 省略号是三个前后均有空格的句号 句中的省略号