高等有机化学(第9至第12章)20082.pptVIP

Chapter 9. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Section 1. Mechanism Arenium Ion Mechanism 对于进攻试剂是偶极离子，中间体按下式生成： 关于σ络合物的生成步骤，有人认为首先生成π络合物，然后在转换σ络合物。 Section 2. Orientation and Reactivity 1.?? Orientation and Reactivity in Monosubstituted Benzene Rings 2.??? Ortho/Pare Ratio 3.?? Orientation in Benzene Rings with More than One Substituent 2) 彼此相反，预言困难： 4. Orientation in Other Ring Systems 5. Partial Rate Factor Section 3. Some Examples of Reaction. B. 亚硝化： C. 重氮偶合： D. 直接引入氨基 2.???? Sulfur Electrophiles B . 硫化 3. Halogen Electrophiles 4. Carbon Electrophiles B. 酰基化反应： C. Vismeier-Haack Reaction D. Reimer-Tiemann Reaction D. Kolbe-Schimitt Reaction Hydroxylalkylation羟烷基化： Chloromethylation氯甲基化： G. 类似的还有胺烷基化反应 Aminoakylation： 5.?? Rearrangement Reaction Chapter 10. Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution Section 1. Mechanisms 2. SE1 Mechanism 单分子机理 3. Electrophilic Substitution Accompanied by Double-Bond Shifts Section 2. Reactivity 1. Effect of Substrate 2. Effect of Leaving Group 3. Effect of Solvent Section 3. Some Examples of Reaction. 1. Hydrogen as Leaving Groups A) Halogen electrophiles B) Nitrogen Electrophiles 1) 氮烯和碳烯的插入反应 Insertion by Nitrenes and Carbenes Aliphatic Diazonium Coupling C) Sulfur Electrophiles 1) Sulfenylation of Ketones Sulfonation of Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids D) Carbon Electrophiles 1) Acylation at Aliphatic Carbon Cyanation E) Metals as electrophiles Metallation with Organometallic Compoud Metallation with Metals and Stronge Bases 2. Metals as Leaving Groups A) Replacement of Metals by Hydrogen B) Oxygen electrophiles The Reaction between Organometallic Reagent and Oxygen C) Halogen electrophiles Halogenatio of Organometallic Compound D) Nitrogen Electrophiles E) Carbon Electrophiles Chapter 11. Free-Radical Substitution Initiation Propagation and Termination Free Radical substitution Mechanism. Transition state Mechanism at an Aromatic Substrate Chapter 12 Rearran