英语句子成分基本句型课件.ppt

第一讲 一、句子的成分和基本句型 二、句子的种类 三、写作：接受便条 一、句子的成分和基本句型1．句子的成分 主语+谓语=主题成分 ‖ 表语+宾语（直接/间接宾语）+宾语补足语 定语+状语 =次要部分 ①　主语subject主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in NO. 1 Middle School． The classroom is very clean． Three were absent． To teach them English is my job. It is may job to teach them English. ②谓语predicate说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致，它在主语后面。 His parents are doctors． She looks well． We study hard． We have finished reading the book． He can speak English． ③表语predicative表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before． I am a teacher． Every body is here. They are at home now． My job is to teach them English． ④宾语object宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now． He often helps me． He likes to sleep in the open air． We enjoy living in China． ⑤宾语补足语object complement “宾语+宾语补足语” =复合宾语 ?If you let me go, I’ll make you king. ?Leave the door open. ?We found Li Ming out when we arrived. ?Make yourself at home. ?I saw a stranger enter the building. ?The boss kept them working all day. ?Yesterday he got his leg broken. ⑥状语adverbial 状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式程度等意义，一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully． Without his help，we couldn’t work it out． (In order) to catch up with my classmates，I must study hard． ⑦定语attributive定语用来修饰名词或代词，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语，不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。。 The black bike is mine． What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. I have something to do. ①第1种句型S+V 主语＋谓语（不及物动词） ?He runs in the park. ?Class begins. ?We begin our class at 8. vi:必背p.6 sleep go laugh walk come stay swim work arrive happen/take place ②第2种句型S+V+O主语＋谓语（及物动词）+宾语 ?My father read the book. ?She likes English. ?I know him very well. ?They want to