英语基础语法(高一专用).ppt

英语基础语法 四大部分 词类 词形变换 构词法 句子成分 词类 n. ——book , tree , boy adj. ——red , big , fat adv. ——fast , easily , slowly v. ——add , go , deal num. ——first , one , thirty pron.（代词）——we,that,his art.（冠词）——a , an , the prep.（介词）——in,on,under conj.（连词）——and,or, but int.（感叹词）——oh , hello 词形变换 n.：单数，复数，所有格 pron.：人称、数、格（主格/宾格/ 所有格） adj./adv.：原级，比较级，最高级 ※ v.：人称，数，时态，语态和语气 构词法 转化：一个词类转化成另一个词类 合成：news+paper=newspaper(报纸) passer(s)-by (过路人) men doctors (男医生) 派生：词根加上前缀或后缀 tell(告诉)-retell(复述) work(工作)-worker(工人) 转化：一种词类转化另一种词类，一词多义 ●Color ① n. 颜色 ② v. 把……涂成……颜色 eg. What color (n.) is his hair? Color (v.) the picture red. ●Home ① n. 家 Let’s go to my mam’s ~. ② adv. 在家，回家Let’s go home. 句子成分 ◇主体：主语、谓语 ◇谓语的组成部分： 表语、宾语(直接宾语/间接宾语)、 宾语补足语 ◇次要部分：定语、状语 主语 表示“是什么”、“是谁” eg. We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. Three were absent. To teach them English is my job. (不定式做主语时常用形式主语it引出的句型：It is my job to teach them English.) 谓语 说明主语“是什么”、“做什么”、“怎么样” 谓语部分里主要的词必须用动词 谓语和主语的人称和数必须保持一致 eg. He is a good student.(系动词+表语) She looks well.(系动词+表语) We study hard.(实意动词) Jim has been to China twice.(助动词+be) We have finished doing homework.(助动词+实意动词) He can speak English.(情态动词+实意动词) 表语 说明主语“是什么”、“怎么样”，一般是n. adj. adv. 介词、不定式及相当于n. adj. 的词或短语。在系动词后。 eg. You look younger than before. (adj.) I am a teacher. (n.) Everybody is here.(adv.) They are at home now.(介词短语) My job is to teach them English.(不定式) 宾语 是动作、行为的对象。一般是n. 代词、不定式或相当于n.的词短语。说明主语“做什么”，在谓语后。 eg. She is playing the piano now.(名词) He often helps me.(代词) They began to read and write. (不定式) We enjoy living in China.(动名词) 状语 用来修饰v. adj. 或adv. 一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语表示。一般放句末，有时在句中、句首。 He did it carefully. With his help… (In order)to catch up with my friends, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.