英语词汇优势.ppt

与此相比，汉语动词没有形态变化的约束，使用起来十分自由、简便。 汉语没有谓语动词与非谓语动词的形式之分，原形动词可以充当句子的各种成分，可以在句中多次连用，甚至重复、重叠、合成并用。 为数不多的介词又几乎都是用动词来代替的。 因此，汉语除了部分句子没有动词(即名词谓语句如“今天劳动节”和形容词谓语句如“天气很好”)以外，大量的句子都不止使用一个动词。 动词优势必然使汉语的表达呈现动态倾向。 由于以上的不同特点，英汉互译的过程往往是静态与动态互相转换的过程。适当地运用这一原理，常常可以使译文比较符合表达习惯，如： Ford’s first pledge was, “Mr. President, you have my support and my loyalty.” 福特一开始就保证说；“总统先生，我支持您，并效忠于您。” It came not as a Nixon revelation，but rather as a confirmation of the “New York Times” story． 这不能算是尼克松透露了什么新东西，而是证实了“纽约时报”的报道。 练习：静态转换为动态—英译汉 Harvard，despite its own estimate of itself，was ultimately an academic haven where an error of interpretation could result only in loss of face, not in extinction.(“Kissinger”) 哈佛大学，不管它如何自命高明，终究还是个学府胜地，在那里把问题看错了，无非丢脸而已，总不至于完蛋。 A spirit prevailed then which was quintessentially American：that problems are a challenge, not an alibi; that men are measured not only by their success but also by their striving，that it is better to aim grandly than to wallow in mediocre comfort． 那时的风气还是符合地地道道的美国精神的：有问题，只能上，不能躲, 衡量一个人，不但看他的成败，也看他的努力程度，宁愿好大喜功，也不甘庸闲遣日。 His frequent interference in other people’s private affairs is very annoying. 他常常干预别人的私事，真恼人。 My ignorance has made a fool of myself. 我孤陋寡闻，出洋相了。 There is a crying need for a new remedy. 现在急需想出新法子来补救。 Only the earl himself kept up a sly occasional acquaintance with her，when out of the jurisdiction of his ladies. 只有伯爵是例外，碰上妻子女儿管不着他的当儿，就偷偷摸摸地来找她。 汉语由动词加后缀构成的名词(如读者、教师、打字员、观察家、修理工)用来指人，不再表示行为或动作，因而英语这类名词往往要转换为汉语动词： The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings． 计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。 He is a young and rapid writer. 他是个笔头快的年青人。 He was a nonsmoker and a teetotaler． 他既不抽烟，也不喝酒。 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。 Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe． 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。 All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons． 要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。 It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal． 屋顶需