英语语法专题讲座-虚拟语气.ppt

虚拟语气的基本用法 If we left now, we should arrive in good time. (与现在事实相反) If he had been here, he might have been able to help us. (与过去事实相反) If you did that again, we wouldnt allow you to work with us. (与将来事实相反) 虚拟语气的基本用法 If everyone in the country knew first aid，many lives saved. A. are B. will be C. would be D. would have been 答案为C。译文：如果这个国家每个公民都懂得急救，许多生命就会得以挽救。 省略if的虚拟条件句 在虚拟语气的从句中有时可将if省去，而把were，had，should提到主语之前，引起倒装 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。 Had he come earlier, he would have met her. 要是他早点来的话，他就会见到她了。 二、错综时间虚拟语气 在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气，也称作混合虚拟语气。 含蓄虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 常见的有but for, without等引导的短语，以及or, or else, otherwise, but等后面的分句。 第二节 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气用于主语从句中 It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable, incredible, urgent, possible, essential, natural, preferable, insistent, crucial, better, best, ridiculous, vital) that… 宾语从句中 当动词ask, arrange, beg, advise, command, deserve, direct, desire, demand, deter mine, move, prefer, propose, intend, recommend, request, require, suggest, suppose, urge, vote等后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形(其中should可省略)”来表示虚拟语气。 Wish后的宾语从句 ① 对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用：would (could, might)+动词原形。 I wish he would try again.我希望他再试一次。 I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有点用处。 表语从句及同位语从句中 虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句中 当advise, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding等名词后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句的谓语用“should+动词原形(should可以省略)”的形式来构成虚拟语气。 虚拟语气的几个句型 1、would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner, just as soon和would prefer所引导的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。但这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设，而是一种尚未实现的愿望或表示说话人婉转的责备。 would rather had hoped/thought 2、had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to bu