英语语法之主谓一致.ppt

* 主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。 主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。 　　主 谓 一 致 的 三 个 原 则　　 A 坚持向前看 语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. B 坚持向后看 意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。 1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 The majority of primary school teachers are women.2.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 No news is good news.Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. C 就近原则 就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room.Either your students or William knows this.提　示　　一般说来，究竟何时采用何种原则，应视英语习惯用法而定。但在实际使用中，如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。 并列主语的主谓一致 A 由and连接的并列主语 1.用and (或both...and) 连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。A hammer and a saw are useful tools.★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting.必　背　英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：iron and steel?? 钢铁 a needle and thread 针线 aim and end?? 目的 going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起 a watch and chain?? 一块带链的表a cart and horse 一辆马车 a coat and tie?? 配有领带的上衣bread and butter?? 黄油面包law and order?? 治安a knife and fork?? 刀叉 2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时，这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则。　Clever and slow students are treated alike. A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 比　较　A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. 　A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 3.在each...and each..., every...and every..., no...and no...等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。Each boy and each girl has an apple.Every hour and every minute is precious.No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island.4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数。What he says and does do not agree. What he says and does does not concern me. 5.在某些成语中，一些并列主语用and相连时，其后谓语用单数。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. B 某些词组采取就近原则 以or, either...or, nei