英语语法之被动语态.ppt

被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之的关系。英语中的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，指由需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如： He opened the door.(主动语态) The door was opened by him.(被动语态) 被动语态的构成：被动语态由： be+动词的过去分词。 各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例） 1.一般现在时 (am/ is/ are+ done) 2. 一般过去时 (was/ were+ done) 3. 一般将来时与过去将来时 will/ shall be + done would/ should be + done 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词的被动语态结构为： 情态动词+ be+ 过去分词。 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成。 （be + 过去分词）部分不变。 Tables can be made of stone. Tables could be made of stone at that time. Can tables be made of stone? 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody 等含糊的表示“人们”、 “大家”的单词，变为主动句式， 通常删去“by…” They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975. 含有双宾语，直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即被动语态有两种形式。但多用间接宾语做主语。 Jack told us the truth. We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told to us by Jack. * * 4)主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： ①将主动句的宾语变为主语。 (如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格)。 如：Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. ②将动词改为“be+过去分词” （be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变）如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. ③将主动语态的主语改为宾语， 放在谓语动词后。 （如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。）如: He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 5）被动语态的用法 ①淡化动作的执行者（不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时）。 The bridge was built last year. ②当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者有by引导至于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如： The room hasn’t been cleaned yet. ③当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind. 4. 现在进行时与过去进行时 am/ is/are+ being+ done was/ were/ being + done 5. 现在完成时 have / has been + done 6. 过去完成时 had been + done