英语长难句分析.ppt

复合从句 这些句子往往较长,一个从句套着另一个从句,环环相扣,使得整个句子结构较为复杂。其实,不管句子有多长多复杂,它只由两部分构成：即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架,主要指主谓宾结构(如:I?want?a?ticket.)或主系表结构(如:The?man?is?a?teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用,它既可以是单词,也可以是短语,更常见的则是从句,尤其是定语从句和状语从句。这些从句都很常见, 但很多时候分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系,?这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 Recycling?also?stimulates?the?local?economy?by?creating? jobs?and? trims?the?pollution?control?and?energy?costs?of?industries?that?make?recycled?products?by?giving?them?a?more?refined?raw?material.? 回收利用不但可以创造就业机会,来促进当地经济的发展,还可以控制污染,并通过为工业提供更好的原材料来降低制造再生产品的工业部门的能源成本。??  Recycling?also?stimulates?the?local?economy?by?creating? jobs?and? trims?the?pollution?control?and?energy?costs?of?industries?that?make?recycled?products?by?giving?them?a?more?refined?raw?material.? ??  在这个句子中,主句有两个并列的谓语动词stimulates和trims,而且,trims有两个并列的宾语pollution?control和energy?costs,?that引导的定语从句修饰industries一词。 The?reality?that?has?blocked?my?path?to?become?the ?typical?successful?student?is?that?engineering?and?the? liberal?arts?simply?don’t?mix?as?easily?as?I?assured?in?high? school.? 在我成长为一个出类拔萃的学生的道路上,阻碍我的实际问题就是,工科和文科不能像我在中学时想象的那样简单地结合在一起。??  The?reality?that?has?blocked?my?path?to?become?the ?typical?successful?student?is?that?engineering?and?the? liberal?arts?simply?don’t?mix?as?easily?as?I?assured?in?high ?school.? ?  注意主语the?reality?与谓语部分is?that...之间的分隔。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰reality,第二个that引导表语从句。 改变语序 改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法,或是为了强调句子的表达意义重心,或是强调一种表达语气,如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关,有明显的标志。例如:??  Should?you?break?the?rule?against?staring?at?a?stranger?on?an? elevator,?you?will?make?the?other?person?exceedingly? uncomfortable,?and?you?are?likely?to?feel?a?bit?strange?yourself. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,从句的谓语用should?+?动词原形或were?to?+?动词原形,从句中的if?可以省略,需将were或should前移至句首。 This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it