被动语态试讲.ppt

被 动 语 态;I.被动语态的构成形式 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。;一般现在时 am / is / are +done (过去分词). 如: Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 现在完成时 has /have been done. 如: I have been cloned. All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we are ready to start. ;3）现在进行时 am/is /are being done 　例:一座新的电影院正在这儿被建起.A new cinema is being built here． 4）一般过去时 was/were done　　 例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. ;5）过去完成时 had been done 　 例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. (complete) 6）过去进行时 was/were being done 　 例: A meeting was being held when I was there. ;7）一般将来时 shall/will be done 例: Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8）过去将来时 should/would be done 　 例: The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived. ;9）将来完成时（少用） shall/will have been done 例: The project will have been completed before July. 10）过去将来完成时（少用） should/would have been done 例: He told me that my new clothes would have been made very soon. ;2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 ;2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语, 在用于被动结构时, 可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语. 例: His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为: He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 或改为: A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.;3) 当 “动词+宾语+宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时, 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例: Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. They painted the door green. The door was painted green. ;4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例: She saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为: A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by her). His father made him study. 可改为: He was made to study (by his father).;5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于 被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例: The meeting is