语法补充动词不定式.ppt

语法补充 动词不定式 ; 一、动词不定时的用法要点 （一）作主语 1. 不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作 形式主语。 To see is to believe. It is not east to learn English well. 2. 不定式的复合结构作主语。例如： It is brave of you to do that. (=You are brave to do that.) It is easy for you to do that. (=For you to do that is easy.); (1) 下列表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名 词或代词关系密切,有意义上的主表关系, 常of与搭配： brave, careful, careless, clever, considerate, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, wise, wrong, etc. 例如： It was very kind of you to come to help me. =You were very kind to come to help.; (2) 下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名 词或代词关系不密切,没有意义上的主表 关系,但与句中的不定式结构关系密切,有 意义上的主表关系,常与for搭配： easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, difficult, etc. 例如： It is hard for him to get rid of his bad habits. =For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard.; (二)作宾语 1. 不定时做宾语时,往往跟在某些及物动词 后面,常见的有:afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等。 2. 动词不定式作动词tell, show, explain, understand, teach, learn, advise, discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。 即疑问词(how, when, where, what, who…) + to do.; 例如： He showed us how to do the work. Please tell us what to do next. (三)定语 1. 作定语的不定时如果是不及物动词,或者 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动 作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应 的介词.如： The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.; 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省 去. 如: He had no money and no place to live (in). We found a way to solve this problem (in). 2. 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是 不定式动作的承受着时,不定式既可以用 主动语态,也可用被动语态,但其含义有所 不同.试比较：; Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西 要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要 (我或别人)寄的东西吗？不定式to be sent的 动作执行者是“我”或“别人”. 3. 用不定式作定语的几种情况： 不定式表将来： I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.; 用来修饰被序数词、最高级