考研英语作文素材.ppt

Word Formation: Derivation 主讲人：薛忠 I Introduction Language elements: 1) phonetic 2) grammar 3) vocabulary Significance : 1) Without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. ----Wilkins, 1972 Significance of Vocabulary Significance: 2) No matter how well the student learns grammar, no matter how successfully he masters the sounds of a L2, without words to express a wide range of meanings, communication in that language cannot happen in any meaningful way. -------McCarthy, 1990 Objective 了解词汇形态(analysable)， precede, proceed, recede, succeed, secede pre cede, pro ceed, re cede, suc ceed, se cede 加深词义理解，subject: throw under 1) Armed resistance showed that a minority at least was not prepared to be subjected to foreign rule. be dominated by, be submissive to 2) He who is subject to temptations tends to err. cannot resist, at the mercy of Objective 3) This plan will be subjected to approval. be submitted 4) Our exports are subjected to a tariff rate of 50% in Canada. impose, levy 3 提高词汇运用能力。 可再生能源 renewable energy 可采储量 recoverable reserve Derivation What is derivation? Examples: 1) unprecedent un-pre-ced-ent 前缀：-un (not), -pre(before) 词根：-ced- (go) 后缀：ent Derivation 2) inflexible in-flex-ible 前缀：in (not) 词根：-flex- (bend) 后缀：-ible (can be done) Derivation: The formation of words by adding affix (prefix and suffix) to root. Affixation 派生法，词缀法 Composition Significance 派生词的构成： position function 1) prefix: change word meaning slightly 2) root: determine word primary meaning 3) suffix: indicate word class 1) 最主要的构词方法 (30%-40%) 2) 最有效的记忆方法 (invisibility) 3) 最实用的理解方法 (deburacratization) II Prefix Features: 1) Polysemy(多义) : de- 1 dehydrate, decapitation, depollute, defrost (remove, away from) 2 descendent, devaluation (downward) 3 decentralization, decompose (reverse) 4 deformed, defect