英语应试写作模板及分析.ppt

写文章的过程包括立主题、写提纲和动笔写三大阶段。短文应试写作分为五个步骤。 审清题目 看到写作题后，首先关键的一步是审清题目：认真分析题目所包含的内容和信息，判断出命题者的意图。 构思选材 构思时要注意：思路要开阔，想象力要丰富。 选材是在写作意图的驱动下，自觉地、有目的地搜集写作素材的过程。 草拟提纲 在正式写作之前，对文章从内容到结构有明确而清晰的筹划，才能保证作文既紧扣主题，又有条不紊。 初学者最好还是写提纲，应试写作更是如此。 三种常用的提纲： 潦草提纲 字迹潦草，只言片语。 以作文题“The Advantage of Travel”为例，这种提纲可能是： See place of interest Meet different people Keep us healthy 标题式提纲 简洁醒目，以短语（尤其是名词短语）列为标题。这类提纲有两个要求：标明段落层次，同一层次起码两个并列项。 Ⅰ.enjoy places of interest Enjoy beautiful scenery in different places See places read of in books Visit famous cities and scenic spots Ⅱ. Know people and their customs Meet people with different interest See strange and different things Taste different food Ⅲ. Benefit us both mentally and physically Gain knowledge of geography and history Keep us healthy 句子式提纲 每一部分的内容用完整的句子列出，对议论性强的严密文章更为适合，这些句子实质上是各段的主题句。 Ⅰ. Travel is beneficial to us in at least three ways.(introduction) Ⅱ. First, we can see the beautiful scenery in different places. Ⅲ. Second, we will meet different people. Ⅳ. Third, by travelling we can keep healthy. Ⅴ. Travel has now become more popular. (conclusion) 写作初稿 应力求一次性写作成功。考生既要写得快，又要写得准确、工整、美观。 正确使用句子结构、修辞和表达方式，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、句型和表达方式。 检查修改 修改主要应着眼于内容。 第二节 写作的基本方法 定义法 定义法（definition）是用来说明的一种方法。用定义法在叙述某一事物或论证某一概念时，需要读它进行定义。 X is Y.（X代表被定义项，Y代表定义项，“is”是联项） A letter is a written or printed message from one person to another. X is Y + who（which或where）引起的定于从句 X refers to Y.（X applies to Y/X is applied to Y） X is defined as Y.（X is called Y） X means Y. / By X we mean Y. / X is meant Y. By civil rights we mean, politically, freedom. 主题句 主题句的概念 在英语篇章中，一致性原则通常体现在各段的主题句里。一个比较规范的段落通常由三部分组成：主题句，展开句或推展句和结论句。主题句是全段核心。 主题句的位置 主题句在段中可以居首、居中，也可以居尾。 主题句在段首 Progress in science and the improvement of living conditions have led to the rapid growth of the world population. Modern science, for example, has made it possible for babies to grow up healthily and for people to live longer. With improved living conditions, particularly in the countryside, people tend to have larger