南海西北部水域斑节对虾资源的调查研究.docVIP

南海西北部水域斑节对虾资源的调查研究 钟振如　李辉权　张月平　陈　敏 摘　要　1989—1991年对南海西北部水域进行斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon资源专项调查。结果表明，斑节对虾的密集分布区在海南岛东部和南部海区，其现存资源量为82.6万尾，周年有体长30mm以下的幼虾出现。主要产卵期在9—12月。产卵场在海南岛东部和南部水深30—60m的海区。关键词　斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon　渔获量　分布　生长　繁殖　食性分类号热带海洋TROPIC OCEANOLOGY1999年 第18卷 第3期 Vol.18 No.3 1999 　S932.5STUDIES ON PENAEUS MONODON RESOURCE INNORTHWESTERN WATERS OFSOUTH CHINA SEA Zhong Zhenru　　Li Huiquan　　Zhang Yueping　　Chen Min(South China Sea Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou　510300) Abstract　　The resource survey of Penaeus monodon in the northwest waters of South China Sea has been reported in this paper. The survey range is from the north of the Beibu Gulf to the waters around the Hainan Island, with water depth within 60m. As the seabed is complex, different fishing gears of trawl, trammel net, two-stick stow net and cage-type stow net have been used. The results show that the catch of Penaeus monodon distributes mostly in the waters to the east and south of the Hainan Island. The young shrimp (BL＜30mm), distributing only in the estuary of eastern and southern Hainan Island, can be seen all the year round. The quantity of young shrimp is the highest in November, and reduces then. The spawning season is almost through a year and the peak occurs from September to December, when the ovary matures and ovulates by stages. The spawning area is located to the east and south of the Hainan Island, with water depth between 30 and 60 meters. The diets of Penaeus monodon vary widely, mainly composed of small-sized benthos, then small-sized nekton and plankton. There is no obvious change in its feeding habit.Key words　　Penaeus monodon, catch, distribution, growth, propagation, feeding habit 　　斑节对虾 Penaeus monodon，俗称草虾，隶属对虾科(Penaeidae)，十足目(Decapoda)，是热带水域的种类，分布于西太平洋，从南海至东海(北至浙江的普陀象山)都有分布，但数量很少。斑节对虾是对虾类中个体最大的种类，因其生长速度快、产量高，成为虾类的重要养殖对象。养殖种苗的来源，除了少数捕自天然海区外，绝大部分是通过人工繁殖获得。由于全人工培育斑节对虾亲虾的技术尚未完全解决〔1—3〕，目前供人工繁殖的亲虾大部分捕自天然海区，所以来自天然海区的斑节对虾作为种源进入市场，其身价百倍。本文对自然海区斑节对虾的资源问