英语语法-英语语法知识大全11.docx

美联英语提供：英语语法-英语语法知识大全11关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0直接引语和间接引语(初中不作特别要求)一、直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。在书写时,直接引语用引号。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。二、直接引语改变为间接引语：1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时应注意以下各点：①不用引号,而用连接词that,但有时可省略。②人称作相应变化；③主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变： 一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变。如：He says,I am not from the USA.”—He says that he is not from the USA.Mr Smith said to his girl friend,“I haven’ t seen you for a long time.” —Mr Smith said to his girl friendthat he had not seen her for a long time.2、直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导,词序要改变。如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, Is it made in China?” —Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.3、直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用疑问词引导,词序是：连词+主语+谓语。如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” —Lucy asked me how she could help.4、直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order. 如：He said to the little boy,“Come here, young man! ”—He asked the little boy to go there.5、直接引语变为间接引语时,指示代词以及表示时间和地点的词或词组应作相应变化：thisthesenowagotodaythis week(month,etc.)next week ( month,etc.)yesterdaytomorrowhere在直接引语中在间接引语中thatthosethenbeforethat daythat week ( month,etc.)the next week ( month,etc.)the day beforethe next (following) daythere倒装句：谓语的一部分或者全部放在主语之前的句子称为倒装句。THERE BE句型以及以here、there开头的句子。如： There area lot of children in the showroom. (在展览室里有许多的小孩。)Here comesthe bus. (公交车来了。)There goesthe bell. (铃响了。)The door opened and in cameMr Lee. (门开了,李先生走了进来。)二、用“So/Nor/Neither + 助动词 + 主语”倒装结构表示第二个人物的情况与上文的人物情况相同。如：Tom went to the beach last week, and, so did I. (Tom上个星期去了海滩,我也是。)Li Mei’s bought nothing from the shop. Neither has Jim. (李梅没有在店里买什么,Jim也没有买。)三、在疑问句中,通常使用在主语之前安放助动词的倒装方法,对主语提问除外。如：How didhefind the lost book? (他是怎么样找到丢失的书的？)Where aretheygoing to spend the summer vacation? (他们打算到哪儿过暑假？)四、感叹句中通常将被感叹的部分前移,而将句子的主谓语整体后置。 如：What a beautiful flower (it is)! (那是多漂亮的花！)五、有引号引用某人的原话时,引号外面的主谓一般采用倒装形式放在句尾,但是,若主语是代词则不倒装。如：“What on earth are you doing up there?”saidthe father.(父亲