英语语法-英语语法知识大全9.docx

美联英语提供：英语语法-英语语法知识大全9关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里/test/quwen.aspx?tid=16-73675-0句子成分主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语一、主语1、名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。)They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。)To see is to believe.(耳听为虚眼见为实).Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)2、动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey.(在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。)Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。)3、口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)(It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。)(I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。)4、反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried,doesn’the? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？)Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)5、祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语)You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)6、主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) Where are they? (他们在哪儿？)Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)7、主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rosehas passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。)The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and brave people.(中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。)8、主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。二、谓语：1、由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如： He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。)Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？)The pizza has gone bad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) / 2、谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成：［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表)　记住：谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如：I am sorry I ammaking so much noise but I have to.(对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。)Hecan’t havefinishedreading the 800long novel.(他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) Something mustbedone to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。) (3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。记住使用下列正确形式：情态动词+原形动词。如：You’d bettergoover the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如：Theyshouldhavebeen there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）be+现在分词或者过去分词。如：