生命科学-冷杉.pptx

冷杉 Abies fabri Craib Fir 3150102285 柯丹宁 第四组 01 Introduction 常绿乔木；一年生枝淡褐黄色或淡灰黄色，凹槽内有疏生短毛或无毛。叶条形，直或微弯，长1.5-3厘米，宽2-2.5毫米，边缘向下反卷或微反卷，先端有凹缺，上面中脉凹下，下面有2条白粉气孔带；横切面两端钝圆，具2个边生树脂管。球果腋生，直立，卵状圆柱形，熟时暗黑色或蓝黑色，微有白粉，长6-11厘米；种鳞扇状四边形或倒三角状楔形，下部两侧耳状；苞鳞露出或微露出，先端突尖。 简介 02 检索 界 植物界 门 裸子植物门 纲 松柏纲 目 松柏目 科 松科 亚科 冷杉亚科 属 冷杉属 03 LEAVES Graph 1 A. alba – the underside of leaves with 2 whitish strips formed by wax-covered stomatal bands Graph 2 A. grandis foliage – upper side of the leaves Graph 3 Atypical A. alba foliage from Dinaric calcareous fir forests on Mt. Orjen 03 LEAVES Firs can be distinguished from other members of the pine family by the unique attachment of their needle-like leaves to the twig by a base that resembles a small suction cup. The leaves are significantly flattened, sometimes even looking like they are pressed, as in A. sibirica. The leaves have two whitish lines on the bottom, each of which is formed by wax-covered stomatal bands. In most species, the upper surface of the leaves is uniformly green and shiny, without stomata or with a few on the tip, visible as whitish spots. Other species have the upper surface of leaves dull, gray-green or bluish-gray to silvery (glaucous), coated by wax with variable number of stomatal bands, and not always continuous. An example species with shiny green leaves is A. alba, and an example species with dull waxy leaves is A. concolor. 03 LEAVES The tips of leaves are usually more or less notched (as in A. firma), but sometimes rounded or dull (as in A. concolor, A. magnifica) or sharp and prickly (as in A. bracteata, A. cephalonica, A. holophylla). The leaves of young plants are usually sharper. The way they spread from the shoot is very diverse, only in some species comb-shaped, with the leaves arranged on two sides, flat (A. alba) 04 Graph 1 Intact and disintegrated Bulgarian fir cones Graph 2 Immature cones of some of species or races are green, not purple-bluish: for instance, Manchurian fir. Graph 3 Disintegrating cones of Manc