认知视角下的语法隐喻(修改稿2).doc

认知视角下的语法隐喻 赵 勇 （文山学院 外语系，云南 文山663000） 摘要：认知语言学的体验观、突显观和注意观（三观），本质上都是基于体验哲学的“体验和认知”（体认），事件图式本质上都是体验图式，通过“三观”的不同配置来实现。本文从认知角度分析了语法隐喻，认为“三观”是它的认知基础，也是通过“三观”的不同配置来实现，“体认”使得语法隐喻成为可能，解释了语法之所以为隐喻的认知理据，进一步说明认知是功能的基础以及隐喻性思维的普遍性，功能语言学从根本上还是基于认知语言学的认知原则。 关键词：体验观；突显观；注意观；事件图式；语法隐喻 Grammatical Metaphor from the Perspective of Cognition ZHAO Yong (Foreign Languages Department, Wenshan University, Wenshan 663000, China) Abstract: Experiential view, prominence view, and attentional view in Cognitive Linguistics are all based on “experience and cognition” in essence. Events schema are embodied in essence and are realized by different configurations of “Three Views”. The paper analyzes the grammatical metaphor from the perspective of cognition and deems that “Three views” are the cognitive base of it, and it is also realized by different configurations of “Three Views”. Experience and cognition make the grammatical metaphor possible and explain the motivation of grammatical metaphor. The study further explains that cognition is the base of function and proves the ubiquity of metaphorical thinking and systematic linguistics is based on the basic principles of cognitive linguistics. Key words: Experiential view; prominence view; attentional view; events schema; grammatical metaphor 一、引言 语法结构和术语来自对现实世界的隐喻，反过来，它们又被用来隐喻现实世界，其特征为“语法形式←→现实世界”。认知语言学认为语法隐喻是人类认识世界的一种重要手段，它可以把事件、活动、情绪、思想等转化为实体。语法隐喻不是用一个词去代替另一个词，而是用某一语法类别或语法结构去代替另一语法类别或语法结构。））））/背景普雷格郎茨原则（rinciple of Pragnanz），即通常具有完形特征的物体小的物体或运动着的物体图形实际用语言表述的是某一事件中抓住了们注意力的那一部分提供了解释句子信息选择和安排的一种方法。框架和视角注意观的两个重要概念框架即某种认知结构，理解语词所引发概念视角指在句子的表述中，通过动词和句法结构的选择而体现出来的对某情境所采取的认知角度。“being” schema））The Sahara is dangerous. （特点） 例4 This desert is in the Northern Africa. （地点） 例5 There is a desert in the Northern Africa. （存在） 2. 进行图式（The “happening” schema）The weather is clearing up. 例7 The stone is rolling down. 例8 The kettle is boiling. 例9 The boy is getting better. 3. 行为图式（The “doing” schema）John get up early. 例11 He painted all morning. 例12 He painted the