10.电气安全常识Basic.docx

电气安全常识Issue 21: Basic Knowledge for Electric Safety前言：日常生活中，人们用到越来越多的电器，电器在带给人们方便快捷生活的同时，也带来了很多不安全因素，特别是对那些不了解电气安全知识的人，就更容易发生危险事故。Foreword: We are using more and more electric devices in our daily life. While creating convenience for us in life, electric devices also have many safety hazards, and especially for those who do not have the knowledge for electric safety, it is even easier to cause accidents.本期我们一起来学习电气安全的基本知识：In this issue, lets learn the basic knowledge for electric safety together:电的危害Harms of electricity电的防护Protection against electricity办公电器安全Safety of office electric equipment家用电器安全Safety of home appliances一、电的危害I. Harms of Electricity电流对人体的伤害1. Damage of electric current to human body电击：电流通过人体，破坏人体心脏、肺及神经系统的正常功能。Electric shock: When an electric current passes through human body, it can damage the normal functions of heart, lung, and nervous system.电伤：电流的热效应、化学效用和机械效应对人体的伤害，主要有电弧烧伤、熔化金属溅出烫伤等。Electric damage: This refers to the damage from the thermo effect, chemical effect, and mechanical effect of electric current to human body, mainly including burning by electric arc, and scalding by melted metals that have splashed out.电磁场伤害：在高频磁场的作用下，人会出现头晕、乏力、记忆力减退、失眠、多梦等神经系统的症状。Damage from electromagnetic fields: Under the action of a high-frequency magnetic field, people will have symptoms of the nervous system such as dizzy, fatigue, reduced memory, insomnia, and dreaminess.静电的危害：2. Harms of static electricity在切割、搅拌、流体流动、摩擦等作业时都会产生静电，由于静电电压很高，又易发生静电火花，所以特别容易在易燃易爆场所中引起火灾和爆炸。Operations involving cutting, mixing, fluid flow, and friction all can generate static electricity. As static electricity has very high voltages, and is easy to produce static sparkles. Therefore, it is very easy to cause fire and explosion in flammable and explosive applications.雷电的危害3. Harms of thunder and lightning雷电可以产生几千伏甚至几十万伏的电压，威力非常大，小则损坏电器设备，大则导致火灾爆炸。Thunder and lightning can generate voltages of up to several thousand or even hundreds of thousands of volts, which are very powerf