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大学英语四级阅读理解每日一练五
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文化背景对商业运作的影响
Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.
『This systemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristic ofthemembersof agiven
society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion,
values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and
social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs
both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual
knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfrom
the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought
exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that
businessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.
In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are
still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to
individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been
compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance
orrejection. The major challengeto the international manageristo make surethat
rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examinedtheinternationalperformance of a dozen largecompanies that
earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful
companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into
situations but rather built their operationscarefully byfollowing the most basic
businessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,
and know your customer.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. All international managers can learn culture.
B. Business dive
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