2014年 MCM美国赛 A B 题原文及优秀翻译.pdf

2014 Contest Problems MCM PROBLEMS PROBLEM A: The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule In countries where driving automobiles （汽车）on the right is the rule (that is, USA, China and most other countries except for Great Britain, Australia, and some former British colonies), multi-lane freeways(多车道高速公路) often employ a rule that requires drivers to drive in the right-most lane unless they are passing another vehicle(车辆), in which case they move one lane （车道）to the left, pass, and return to their former travel lane. Build and analyze a mathematical model to analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. You may wish to examine tradeoffs(权衡) between traffic flow(交通流量) and safety, the role of under- or over-posted speed limits (that is, speed limits that are too low or too high), and/or other factors that may not be explicitly called out in this problem statement. Is this rule effective(有作用) in promoting （提升）better traffic flow? If not, suggest and analyze alternatives(替代 选择) (to include possibly no rule of this kind at all) that might promote greater traffic flow, safety, and/or other factors that you deem important. （） In countries where driving automobiles on the left is the norm, argue whether or not your solution can be carried over （应用）with a simple change of orientation, or would additional requirements be needed. Lastly, the rule as stated above relies upon human judgment for compliance. If vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system （智能系统）– either part of the road network or imbedded （嵌入）in the design of all vehicles using the roadway – to what extent （程度）would this change the results of your earlier analysis? 问题A ：除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则 在一些汽车靠右行驶的国家（比如美国，中国等等），多车道的高速公路常常遵 循以下原则：司机必须在最右侧驾驶，除非他们正在超车，超车时必须先移到左 侧车道在