2015现代英语语法复习重点1-16.doc

现代英语语法 课程代码 00831 1.课程性质与目标 性质：《现代英语语法》是自学考试英语专业的课程。 目的：使学生认识从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高英语使用规范性，准确传递信息和表达思想。 重难点： 重点是动词的运用，第五到第八章。 难点是名词的数、主谓一致问题等。（P5） 2. 2015年考试样题（课本P25） 一、选择题 （20%，未变） 二、多项选择填空题（20%，未变） 三、根据要求填空（20%，改变） 四、改写句子（30%，未变） 五、简答（形式未变） 六、名词解释并举例（新增） 教材的重点与难点归纳 Chapter 1. An overview 一.术语： Grammar can be a full description of the form and meaning of the sentences of the language or it covers certain parts of a description, focusing on syntax and morphology. Descriptive grammar（描述性语法)examines the rules or patterns that underlie our use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Prescriptive grammar（规定性语法）tries to enforce rules about what they believe to be the correct uses of language. Syntax（句法） is concerned with the way words combine to form sentences. Morphology（形态）is related to the form of words. Morpheme(词素)the smallest meaningful element in grammar. Free morpheme(自由词素)：a morpheme that can occur alone. Bound morpheme(粘着词素): a morpheme that can only occur in conjunction with at least one other morpheme.open class words(开放词类): also called lexical words, focus on the form of words. Their membership is fairly open-ended, so we can coin new words to add to them. Eg: N, V, Adj, Adv. closed class(封闭词类): also called grammatical words, focusing on functions of words.Their membership is fixed and no words can be created. Eg: Det, pron, prep,conj, aux. 二、语法单位的层级结构 英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)、词素(morpheme) In writing systems, the hierarchical structure is: Higher A text consists of one or more sentences A sentence consists of one or more clauses A clause consists of one or more phrases A phrase consists of one or more words A word consists of one or more morphemes Lower A morpheme 三.句子分类（按构成） Simple~(简单句):A sentence consists of only one clause. Compound~(复合句又并列句):In a sentence containg more than one clause, if the clauses are related to one another by coordination, it is a compound sentence. Complex~(复杂句又叫主从句