生物多样分析.doc

REIMBURSING THE FUTURE: An evaluation of motivational, voluntary, price-based, property-right, and regulatory incentives for the conservation of biodiversity PART 1 A report by M.D. Young, N. Gunningham, J. Elix, J. Lambert, B. Howard, P. Grabosky and E. McCronePrepared by CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology, the Australian Centre for Environmental Law, and Community SolutionsJanuary 1996 Biodiversity Series, Paper No. 9Biodiversity Unit Contents Previous Next Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION In 1993, the Australian government ratified the International Convention on Biological Diversity. This action committed Australia to a number of biodiversity objectives, including finding ways of using incentive instruments and mechanisms to promote the conservation of biodiversity and encourage its ecologically sustainable use, a commitment which is reinforced by our National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development and the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australias Biological Diversity (abbreviated as National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy). This report, the methodology for which is summarised above, is about ways in which we can put that commitment into action. 1.1 What is Biodiversity? For many - if not most - Australians, biodiversity conservation is a new term. Certainly the idea of regarding the wide variety of biological diversity as something to be valued in its own right is one which scientists in the area have been using for some years, but the concept has not been widely discussed in the public arena. It is, in some ways, a difficult concept to grasp - but it is also a vital one in terms of environmental policy. In Article 2 of the International Convention on Biological Diversity, which Australia was one of the first countries to sign and subsequently ratify, biodiversity is defined as: the variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes o