北方官话和东南诸方言——词汇语法“基因”的透视.pdf

Modern Linguistics 现代语言学, 2017, 5(1), 40-57 Published Online February 2017 in Hans. /journal/ml /10.12677/ml.2017.51007 The North and the South: A Perspective of Their Lexicon and Grammar “Genes” Mengbing Xiang1,2 1 Department of Chinese Language and Literature Center for Chinese Linguistics PKU, Key Laboratory of Computational Linguistics, Peking University, Beijing 2 Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore th th th Received: Feb. 7 , 2017; accepted: Feb. 20 , 2017; published: Feb. 24 , 2017 Abstract One of the most obvious divisions in Chinese dialects is the confrontation between northern man- darin and southeastern dialects. In this paper, the author selected 16 items from the vocabulary and the grammar volumes of Linguistic Atlas of Chinese Dialects and analyzed the feature se- quences of the 16 items of 930 Chinese dialects with MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) by simulating DNA sequences. The results showed that lexicon-grammar items alone could also basically reveal the North-South opposition just as phonology items do. Therefore, the introduction of lexicon-grammar items into the Chinese dialect classification is meaningful. Of course, the so-called “feature sequence” in dialectology is not the real DNA sequence and when using MEGA for large sample calculation, it is normal that bootstrap values are low. The important thing is to observe the grouping trends embodied in the phylogenetic trees. Keywords Mandarin, Southeastern Dialects, Lexicon-Grammar Feature Sequences, Phylogenetic Analysis 北方官话和东南诸方言——词汇语法 “基因”的透视 项梦冰1,2 1北京大学中文系暨中国