全球化的冲击.ppt

Introduction 問題 全球化的衝擊… 市場涵蓋範圍廣 長鞭效應 全球佈局 局部最佳化 vs. 全域最佳化… 自製 vs. 外包 策略聯盟的問題… 資訊科技的發展與衝擊… What Is a Supply Chain? Flow of products and services from: Raw materials manufacturers Intermediate products manufacturers End product manufacturers Wholesalers and distributors and Retailers Connected by transportation and storage activities Integrated through information, planning, and integration activities Cost and service levels Case Study―仁寶與惠普的TDS(Taiwan Direct Ship) 80%產品在收到訂單後，2天內出貨；98%在3天內出貨。 快遞物流業之利用 仁寶將HP傳來之NB訂單組裝完成，直接經由FedEx送到指定的客戶手中。 關鍵零組件模組化 仁寶與供應商共同開發模組化之關鍵零組件。 Environment Shorter life cycle of product 甜甜圈的產能與展店問題… iPhone 5 即將上市…? Heightened expectations of customers Continuing advances in communications and transportation technologies Definition of Supply Chain Management (SCM)1 供應鏈管理(SCM)是利用一連串有效率的方法，來整合供應商、製造商、倉庫和商店，使得商品與服務在一個適當的數量、適當的地區以及適當的時間下被製造出來，期望在一個令人滿意的服務水準下，追求供應鏈整體系統成本的最小化。 Definition of Supply Chain Management2 David F. Ross 1998 供應鏈管理(Supply Chain Management)是正持續演進中的一種管理哲學。SCM試圖連結企業內部及外部結盟企業夥伴之集體生產能耐與資源，使供應鏈成為一具高競爭力及使顧客豐富化的供應系統，俾其得以集中力量發展創新方法並使市場產品、服務與資訊同步化，進而創造獨一且個別化的顧客價值源頭。 Definition of Supply Chain Management3 Robert B. Handfield and Ernest L. Nichols, Jr. 1999 The supply chain (SC) encompasses all activities associated with the flow and transformation of goods from the raw materials stage (extraction), through to the end user, as well as the associated information flows. Material and information flow both up and down the supply chain. Supply chain management (SCM) is the integration of these activities through improved supply chain relationships, to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Definition of Supply Chain Management4 J.M. Mentzer, W. DeWitt, etc. 1999 Supply chain (SC): a set of three or more organizations directly linked by one or more of the upstream and downstream flows of products, services, finances, and information from a source to a customer. Supply chain orientation (SCO): the recognition by an organization of the s