英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题ppt课件.pptVIP

独立主格结构 常见类型及其用法 ;概念  “独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接，也不能由从句阴道词引导，通常用逗号与主句隔开。独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式，但很多时候不能转化为分词形式，因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。 ;构成 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+现在分词、过去分词；Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 　　 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+形容词； The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+副词；Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. There being+名词 ；there being nothing else to do, we went home 　　 名词(代词)/逻辑主语+不定式；She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 　　 名词(代词) /逻辑主语+介词短语 ；the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand 　　 It being + 名词：It being Xmas, the government office was closed ;一、 独立主格的特点;3‘独立主格结构中的being和having been常可以省略;5‘独立主格有其特殊的使用场合，多用于书面，尤其是描述性语言中，口语中不经常使用。; 独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构在句中往往做表语，表时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状况。 ;1.表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句 The meal over, we began to work again.（=When the meal was over,we began to work again.）吃晚饭，我们又开始工作。The homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.（=After the homework was done, Jim decided to go and see the play.）作业做完后，Jim决定去看戏 2.表原因，相当一个于原因状语从句 Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.（=Because her shirt was caught on a nail,…）由于他的衬衫挂在钉子上了，所以她动不了。The window broken, the cold wind blew into the room.（=Because the window was broken, …）由于窗户坏了，冷风吹进了这间房。;3.表条件，相当???一个条件状语从句 Weather permitting, the football match will played on Wednesday.（=If weather permits, …）如果天气允许，足球比赛将在周三举行。The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.（=If the book is written in simple English, …）如果这本书用简易英语写的，它会更畅销。 4.表方式或伴随状语或补充说明 She rushed into the room, a letter in her hand.（=…, with a letter in her hand）她手里拿着封信冲了进来。Saddie sat alone, head bent.(=…, with his head bent.)Saddie独自坐在那里，耷拉着脑袋 5.做定语，相当于一个定语从句 He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.他走在一条2便没有路灯的马路上; 非谓