v-ing的分类及用法.pptVIP

非谓语动词的类型非谓语动词是同时具有两种作用的词 共分3类： a．动名词（以- ing结尾）：同时起动词和名词的作用，如loving，doing，coming. b．分词（以-ing，- ed或- en结尾）：同时起动词与形容词或动词与副词的作用，如 loving，drinking，eating，loved，eaten. c．不定式（前面多加to ）：可同时起动词和名词，或动词和副词，或动词和形容词的作用，如 to go，to play，to know. 动名词 动名词有下面四种形式： 如果是不及物动词，则没有被动形式。 ㈠动名词何时使用 当一个动词被用作主语、宾语、补语或是同位语，也就是起名词作用时，需用其-ing形成。 在下面句子中，learning这种既起名词作用又起动词作用的词称为动名词： Learning（主语） is important to modern life. I like learning English. （宾语） What is your opinion about learning（介词宾语） it? His main business is learning（补语） the method of making pencils. I know his interest—— learning（同位语） the most effective way to do. a．作为动词，动名词可以表示时间： (1) 在多数情况下，现在式的动名词和同句或同一分句中谓语动词表示的时间是一致的： （一般情况） Playing football requires a large playground. I like eating Chinese food. He is sorry for being idle. （过去情况） I enjoyed eating the dinner. His hobby was collecting stamps. （将来情况） His success will depend upon his working harder and being assisted by friends. I will avoid being seen by her. (2) 如果动名词是一个表示意图的谓语动词的宾语，动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要晚一些： He insists on trying again. He intends （or proposes） going abroad. He advocated（ or suggested，advised） our studying science. There is no hope of seeing the peaceful world again. I have no doubt of his passing the exam. (3) 完成形式的动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要早一些： I am proud of having sent （= that I have sent） all my girls to college. I am proud of having sent （＝ that I sent） all my girls to college before they were nineteen. （表明了过去时间） He is not sure of having said（= that he said） anything against you yesterday. I was proud of having sent（= that I had sent） all my girls to college. This time next year I shall be proud of having sent（= that I have sent） all my girls to college. (4) 在某些情况下，现在形式的动名词起着完成形式的动名词的作用，表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间早： He remembers seeing（= remembers having seen） hersomewhere. He regretted making these mistakes. He repented of fooling around when he was young. He was punished for stealing something. ?b．作为动词，动名词可以有主动被动两种形式： She likes seeing（主动） people and being se