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非谓语动词的类型非谓语动词是同时具有两种作用的词 共分3类: a.动名词(以- ing结尾):同时起动词和名词的作用,如loving,doing,coming. b.分词(以-ing,- ed或- en结尾):同时起动词与形容词或动词与副词的作用,如 loving,drinking,eating,loved,eaten. c.不定式(前面多加to ):可同时起动词和名词,或动词和副词,或动词和形容词的作用,如 to go,to play,to know. 动名词 动名词有下面四种形式: 如果是不及物动词,则没有被动形式。 ㈠动名词何时使用 当一个动词被用作主语、宾语、补语或是同位语,也就是起名词作用时,需用其-ing形成。 在下面句子中,learning这种既起名词作用又起动词作用的词称为动名词: Learning(主语) is important to modern life. I like learning English. (宾语) What is your opinion about learning(介词宾语) it? His main business is learning(补语) the method of making pencils. I know his interest—— learning(同位语) the most effective way to do. a.作为动词,动名词可以表示时间: (1) 在多数情况下,现在式的动名词和同句或同一分句中谓语动词表示的时间是一致的: (一般情况) Playing football requires a large playground. I like eating Chinese food. He is sorry for being idle. (过去情况) I enjoyed eating the dinner. His hobby was collecting stamps. (将来情况) His success will depend upon his working harder and being assisted by friends. I will avoid being seen by her. (2) 如果动名词是一个表示意图的谓语动词的宾语,动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要晚一些: He insists on trying again. He intends (or proposes) going abroad. He advocated( or suggested,advised) our studying science. There is no hope of seeing the peaceful world again. I have no doubt of his passing the exam. (3) 完成形式的动名词表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间要早一些: I am proud of having sent (= that I have sent) all my girls to college. I am proud of having sent (= that I sent) all my girls to college before they were nineteen. (表明了过去时间) He is not sure of having said(= that he said) anything against you yesterday. I was proud of having sent(= that I had sent) all my girls to college. This time next year I shall be proud of having sent(= that I have sent) all my girls to college. (4) 在某些情况下,现在形式的动名词起着完成形式的动名词的作用,表示的时间比谓语动词表示的时间早: He remembers seeing(= remembers having seen) hersomewhere. He regretted making these mistakes. He repented of fooling around when he was young. He was punished for stealing something. ?b.作为动词,动名词可以有主动被动两种形式: She likes seeing(主动) people and being se
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