对山西省谷子杂种优势利用研究的实践与思考.pdf

山西农业科学2011 ，39 （10）：1035- 1039 Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2481.2011.10.01 对山西省谷子杂种优势利用研究的实践与思考 李会霞，王玉文，田 岗 （山西省农业科学院谷子研究所，山西长治046011） 摘 要：回顾了20 a 来山西省谷子不育系与杂交种选育实践，总结了谷子杂种优势利用研究的经验与体会： （1）选育优质杂交组合，优质不育系是关键；（2）不育系异交结实率的选择，应从柱头外露率和田间自然异交 结实率两方面考虑；（3）有针对性地进行个别性状的遗传改良选育新的不育系，可以达到事半功倍的效果； （4）选育抗病性强的不育系是非常必要的，应加强这方面的工作；（5）在谷子杂交制种技术试验中，利用谷子 高产制种栽培技术与化控调节父母本花时花期相结合，实现制种产量的突破。 关键词： 谷子；不育系；异交结实率；杂种优势；杂交种 中图分类号： 文献标识码： 文章编号： S515.032 A 1002- 2481（2011）10- 1035- 05 Practice and Thinking on Millet Heterosis Utilization in Shanxi LI Hui- xia ，WANG Yu- wen ，TIAN Gang Institute of Millet ，Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences ，Changzhi 046011 ，China （ ） Abstract ：Twenty years of breeding practice in sterile lines and millet hybrid was reviewed and the successful experiences were summarized as bellow：（1）Fine quality sterile lines were keys in breeding of fine quality millet hybrids. （2）In selection of outcrossing setting percentage of sterile lines, both stigma exsertion rate and field natural outcrossing setting percentage should be considered. （3）It might get twice the result with half the effort to improve the existing elite sterile lines for one individual favorable trait. （4）It was highly necessary to develop disease- resistant sterile lines ，so the breeding of sterile lines with good disease resis- tance should be strengthened. （5）In the test of millet hybrid seed technology，the combination of high- yielding seed propergation cultivation techniques and chemical control to regulate the parents blooming pe