Chapter10adjectiveandadjectivephrases.ppt

Chapter 10 adj./adv. and adj./adv. phrases Function and application In this lecture, we talk about classification and morphology of adj. as well as formation and uses of adj. phrases 1 classification of adjectives Adjectives may be divided into one-word and compound adjectives, central and peripheral adjectives, dynamic and stative adjectives, gradable and non-gradable adjectives. One word and compound adj. In terms of word formation, adjectives may be divided into one-word adjectives and compound adjectives. One-word adj. may consist of only one free morpheme, like “big, small…”or it may also consist of a free morpheme as root plus a prefix or a suffix or both, such as “unthinkable, unbelievable”. Compound adj. are formed in the following way: Adj.+adj. Bittersweet, deaf-mute Adj./adv. + v-ing ordinary-looking, outgoing, hard-working Adj./adv. +v-ed newfangled新潮的, well-meant, well-informed N+adj. duty-free, grass-green N+v-ing lawmaking, law-abiding, ocean-going , peace-loving N+v-ed hand-made, suntanned Adj.+n+ed cold-hearted, warm-hearted, light-hearted Adj.+n+ed stone-hearted, absent-minded Num.+n+ed three-legged, two-wheeled Num.+n 800-letter, five-star, three-good, five-year Central adj. and peripheral adj. In terms of syntactic function, adj. can be divided into two groups: central and peripheral adj.. Most adj. can be used as pre-modifier or complement (subject or object complement) The white color is my favorite. My favorite color is white. Please paint the wall white. Note: Only a few adj. either only function as pre-modifier or only as complement: This is utter nonsense. She is awake/asleep Dynamic and stative adj. Semantically, adj. can be dynamic and stative. Stative adj. describe the static characteristics of animate or inanimate objects, such as “big, beautiful”. Most adj. are stative adj.. Dynamic adj. describe the dynamic properties of people or things, such as “carful, generous”. They are different in use. 1