Chapter8passivevoice.ppt

Chapter 8 Passive Voice Main points: special cases Introduction As has been pointed out, a sentence whose predicator is active is called an “active voice”, and a sentence whose predicator is passive is called “passive sentence”. The subject in the active sentence is the agent or doer of an action, and in the passive the recipient of the action. In this part, we only discuss the special cases 1. the active conveys the passive meaning A: verbs of perception The flowers smell sweet. The dish tastes delicious. The cloth feels very soft. the active conveys the passive meaning B: verbs + adverbs: wash, wear, write, sell, read, open, cut, look, pack, play, shut, split, strike, record… This kind of shirt washes well. Ripe apples peel easily. The plays won’t act. Nylon dries quickly. The flat lets for 60 yuan a month. The door won’t shut. the active conveys the passive meaning C: do, owe, cook, bind, print in progressive occasionally denotes passive meaning. The meat is cooking. She paid all that was owing. the active conveys the passive meaning D: want, deserve, need, require, won’t bear, be worth is followed by gerund denoting passive meaning. The logical relationship between the subject and the gerund is predicate-object, if the gerund is not a transitive verb, it should be followed by a proper preposition or adverbs. The book is worth reading.. This point deserves mentioning. The coat needs mending. The table wants cleaning. 2. comparison between passive construction and predicative construction The gate to the garden was closed by a girl. The gate to the garden was closed. This novel is well written. This novel is written by a young writer. The passive construction stresses the action, while the subject-complement emphasizes the state. comparison between passive construction and predicative construction Note: 形容词化的过去分词前可用程度副词修饰，表示主语的特征、状态和程度；而被动语态表示动作。被动语态中几个常用介词的比较：by表动作的执行者，with表某种工具，of表由某种材料组成，from表源于某种物质。 The a