强迫症的神经机制及其相关研究综述.pdf

强迫症的神经机制及其相关研究综述 王若茜 201611060188 【摘要】强迫症 （obsessive compulsive disorder ,OCD）是一类慢性焦虑性疾病，在过去的几年 里，它引起了越来越多的人的关注。尽管强迫症的病理机制目前还未被完全阐明，但其脑机制主要 被认为是前额叶-纹状体环路异常所致。近几年，用神经心理学、事件相关电位 （ERP）和脑功能成 像方法（fMRI）从认知方面探讨其神经生物学机制已经成为OCD 研究极有前途的方向。大量研究在 该方面展开，而研究结果表明：前扣带回皮层的过度激活，以及认知加工过程中过度的错误监测和 异常的反应抑制可能与强迫症的发病密切相关。与此同时，5-羟色胺、多巴胺和谷氨酸等神经递质 的失调与遗传因素的作用也是众多心理学家现如今聚焦的热点。一些研究发现，特定的神经递质可 以通过影响特定大脑皮层的功能与认知过程来影响强迫症状。也有一些研究发现了强迫症的遗传性， 这可能暗示存在一些造成强迫症的特定基因。 【Abstract】Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a kind of chronically anxiety disorders, which has been attracting more and more peoples attention in the past several decades. Although the pathological mechanism of OCD is still a mystery and need to be further explained, but its brain mechanism is mainly considered to be the result of prefrontal-striatal loop abnormality. In recent years, with the help of neuropsychology, event - related potentials (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), exploring the neurobiology mechanism in cognition of OCD has become a very promising direction. Quite a lot research has been carried out in this area. The result of them indicate that the excessive activation of anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the abnormality of performance monitoring and response inhibition is closely connecting with the incidence of OCD. At the same time, the disorders of some neurotransmitters such as 5-HT, Dopamine and Glutamic acid, and also the role of genetic factors are focused by many psychologists nowadays. Some studies found that the specific neurotransmitter can affect the disorder by affecting the function of specific cortex of the brain and some specific cognitive process. The hereditary of OCD is also found in some research. This may indicates that there are several specific genes exist,