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Pectin Methylesterase, a Regulator of Pollen
Tube Growth1[w]
Maurice Bosch*, Alice Y. Cheung, and Peter K. Hepler
Biology Department (M.B., P.K.H.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (A.Y.C.), and Plant
Biology Graduate Program (A.Y.C., P.K.H.), University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
The apical wall of growing pollen tubes must be strong enough to withstand the internal turgor pressure, but plastic enough to
allow the incorporation of new membrane and cell wall material to support polarized tip growth. These essential rheological
properties appear to be controlled by pectins, which constitute the principal component of the apical cell wall. Pectins are
secreted as methylesters and subsequently deesterified by the enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) in a process that exposes
acidic residues. These carboxyls can be cross-linked by calcium, which structurally rigidifies the cell wall. Here, we examine
the role of PME in cell elongation and the regulation of its secretion and enzymatic activity. Application of an exogenous PME
induces thickening of the apical cell wall and inhibits pollen tube growth. Screening a Nicotiana tabacum pollen cDNA library
yielded a pollen-specific PME, NtPPME1, containing a pre-region and a pro-region. Expression studies with green fluorescent
protein fusion proteins show that the pro-region participates in the correct targeting of the mature PME. Results from in vitro
growth analysis and immunolocalization studies using antipectin antibodies (JIM5 and JIM7) provide support for the idea that
the pro-region acts as an intracellular inhibitor of PME activity, thereby preventing premature deesterification of pectins. In
addition to providing experimental data that help resolve the significance and function of the pro-region, our results give
insight into the mechanism by which PME and its pro-region regulate the cell wall dynamics of gr
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