原发性气管肿瘤早期诊断与呼吸介入治疗.doc

原发性气管肿瘤的早期诊断和呼吸介入治疗 　　【摘要】 目的：探讨原发性气管肿瘤的临床特点、早期诊断和治疗方法，尤其是呼吸介入治疗，提高该病的临床诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2006-2015年本院收治的15例原发性气管肿瘤的诊疗经过。结果：15例患者中，13例表现为逐渐加重的吸气相为主的呼吸困难，多数被误诊为支气管哮喘或慢性支气管炎。所有患者均行胸部CT检查与支气管镜检查，12例经支气管镜检查确诊，3例通过外科手术确诊。除1例为乳头状瘤外，其余14例均为恶性肿瘤，其中鳞癌8例，腺样囊性癌3例，恶性肌周细胞瘤、肉瘤样癌及类癌各1例。8例患者以呼吸介入治疗为主，方法主要有电圈套、氩气刀和支架置入；另5例患者接受外科根治性手术，其中3例合用呼吸介入治疗；1例患者仅接受放射治疗。结论：原发性气管肿瘤早期临床症状无特异性，对于持续性呼吸困难且常规治疗无法缓解的患者应高度怀疑气管肿瘤的可能，应及时行颈、胸段CT和支气管镜检查。外科手术是主要的治疗方法，但呼吸介入技术在根治气管良性肿瘤、姑息治疗恶性肿瘤和术前开放气道、降低麻醉风险中发挥重要的作用 【关键词】 气管肿瘤； 早期诊断； 治疗； 支气管镜检查； 呼吸介入治疗 【Abstract】 Objective：To explore the clinical characteristics，diagnosis and therapeutic methods，especially the role of interventional bronchoscopy，in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary tracheal tumors.Method：A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 15 patients with primary tracheal tumors admitted to our department during the period of 2006 to 2015 were performed.Result：13 patients presented with progressing inspiratory dyspnea，mostly misdiagnosed as asthma or chronic bronchitis.All cases accepted chest computed tomography and bronchoscopy，11 cases were confirmed the diagnosis of tracheal tumor by bronchoscopy examination，3 cases were confirmed by surgery，and the last case was confirmed by PEC-CT and metastatic lesions biopsy.The majority malignant tumors included squamous cell carcinomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas，and the rest were spindle cell sarcomatoid carcinoma，carcinoid，and myopericytoma.5 cases received surgery，and 3 of 5 cases received interventional bronchoscopic therapy at the same time.And the main therapy of another 7 cases were interventional bronchoscopy，which consisted of electrocautery，argon-beam coagulation and stenting.Conclusion：Primary tracheal tumors are rare and early clinical symptoms are unspecific，therefore，we must pay more attention to them.Early diagnosis can be made by neck-chest CT and bronchoscopy.Surgery should be considered as the first choice of treatment，and interventional bronchoscopic techni