辐射基础知识课件.ppt

If you need to detain a source, it is important to know actions to take to minimize exposure to radiation and potential contamination of yourself and others. Do not touch or handle the material. Cordon off the area to a safe distance. Warn other personnel not to approach the area. Post signs, instructions, or procedures. Keep watch over the area. Notify and follow the directions of Radiological Control personnel. General Radiation Training * CPT Training * CPT Training General Radiation Training * Through an enhanced awareness of this topic, you may contribute to safe practices in the workplace. * CPT Training General Radiation Training * At the end of this lesson you should be able to: Identify basic radiological fundamentals Identify the relative risks of exposure to radiation and radioactive materials Discuss sources of radiation Discuss practical radiation safety measures * The elements that make up all matter, including humans, are composed of atoms. Each atom contains a tiny, central, positively charged nucleus and a number of electrons. The nucleus of the atom contains protons that carry a positive charge and neutrons, which carry no charge at all. The electrons carry a negative electric charge and move around the nucleus similar to the way planets orbit the sun. Each atom contains an equal number of protons and electrons and is therefore electrically neutral. CPT Training * General Radiation Training * 化学元素周期表根据原子序数从小到大的顺序的化学元素列表，由俄罗斯化学家门捷列夫在1869年最早发现，到目前为止共有7个周期112种元素。 各元素中的质子数量各不相同，因此，科学家们使用元素的名字加上原子中所含有质子的数目来界定核素。 CPT Training * General Radiation Training * Because all isotopes of an element have the same number of protons (e.g., 92 for uranium) and hence electrons, the chemical properties of the different isotopes are similar. However, since the number of neutrons in different isotopes of an element differ, the nuclear properties of different isotopes are different. For example, some isotopes are stable (i.e., non-radioactive) while others (most, in