十四、状语从句.ppt

十四、状语从句 语法精讲 状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、比较和目的等九大类。状语从句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。 考点一　时间状语从句 1.when/while/as when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用,而while和as只能 和延续性动词连用。when引导的从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之 前、之后或同时发生,而while和as引导的从句的谓语动作必须和主句谓语 动作同时发生。as常表示“随着,一边……一边……”。 When John arrived,I was cooking in the kitchen. 约翰到时,我正在厨房做饭。 They arrived while/when/as we were having dinner. 我们正在吃饭的时候他们到了。 John sings as he works. 约翰一边工作,一边唱歌。 2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment/minute/ second/instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/rarely/scarcely... when... 这些从属连词都译为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动 作随即就发生。 He started as soon as he received the news. 他一接到消息就动身了。 The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。 The man began to work immediately he arrived there. 那个人一到那儿就开始工作。 No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. 我一到家就开始下雨。 3.till和until的用法 (1)肯定句中,主句谓语动词应是延续性动词,意为“某动作一直延续到某时 间点才停止”。 He remained there till/until she arrived. 他在那儿一直待到她到达。 (2)否定句中,主句谓语动词应是非延续性动词,从句为肯定式,意为“某动 作直到某时间点才开始。” I was not aware that I forgot my ticket till/until I got to the station.直到到了车站我才意识到我忘带车票了。 (3)till不可置于句首,until可以。 (4)强调和倒装句中,not...until应视为一个整体,同时被强调或置于句首。 Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation. 我们只有了解更多情况才能改善现状。 It was not until I had read your letter that I knew the truth.直 到读了你的信我才知道事情的真相。 4.since (1)从句的谓语动词一般是短暂性动词,主句谓语动词则是延续性动词或反 复发生的动作。since引导的从句时态为一般过去时,主句时态为现在完 成时或现在完成进行时。 She has been working for the company since she left school.她 自从毕业一直在这家公司工作。 (2)句型“It is/has been+时间段+since...”意为“自从……到现在多 久了”。 It is a long time since I saw you last time.=I have not seen you for a long time.我很久没见过你了。 It has been two years since I was admitted to this key middle school. =I was admitted to this key middle school two years ago. 自从我被这所重点中学录取已经两年了。 It is three years since I smoked a cigar. =It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar. 我三年没抽雪茄了。 5